Also the location of the factory code was changed, in some instances, to 6 o'clock or other locations. Some used three elements spaced equidistant from each other while others adopted a four-element system located at 12, 3, 6 and 9 o'clock. Rapid expansion of ammunition manufacturing facilities as the result of the war introduced many new designs without any effort at standardization. military headstamp prior to World War II had two elements, with the factory code at 12 o'clock and the date at 6 o'clock. The location of the elements is most conveniently indicated by its clock-face orientation, with 12 o'clock at the top, 3 o'clock at the right, 6 o'clock at the bottom and 9 o'clock at the left. This usually indicates an older cartridge, since most countries discontinued segment lines shortly after World War I. Some headstamps are segmented, that is, these have one or more segment lines that divide the head into two to four equal parts. Military cartridges can have from one to five elements, including cartridge, date and place of manufacture plus other identifying markings. Cartridges intended for sporting or civilian use usually have two elements one identifies the specific chambering, the other identifies the manufacturer. Headstamps consist of one or more parts or information elements. Information that can be obtained from the headstamp is extremely varied and depends on the intended purpose or use of the cartridge and who manufactured it. The headstamp is the stamped markings on the head of the cartridge. While it isn't foolproof, often the easiest way to identify a cartridge is to look at the headstamp, if there is one, because in many instances that will tell you exactly what it is. Cartridge identification is important to anyone who works with ammunition cartridges, whether it's reloading or collecting.
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